ASEAN Way in Korean Peninsula Peacebuilding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v2i1.34Keywords:
peacebuilding, ASEAN Fundamental Principle, dialogue, Korean PeninsulaAbstract
As stated by Johan Galtung, one fundamental principle in establishing peace is to involve the conflicting parties into a constructive dialogue. By this principle, ASEAN avoids isolative approach by welcoming Pyongyang in ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 2000 and cultivating a trustworthy relationship afterwards. Driven by ASEAN Fundamental Principle in The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) 1976, ARF appeared to be effective to maintain North Korea in negotiating table, as it also remains to be the only multilateral framework North Korea is in. This ASEAN soft diplomacy in peacebuilding also gains the positive support by Seoul as the engagement with ASEAN through its new southern policy intensifies. With ASEAN contribution as neighboring regional organization, many progresses of peacebuilding, such as Panmunjom Agreement, could be achieved. This paper analyses the role of ASEAN through its way of peacebuilding and soft diplomacy in mediating two Koreas and to help in maintaining peace in the region. This paper argues that ASEAN’s impartiality and traditional friendship among ASEAN members and two Koreas are the keys of ASEAN role in this regard.
References
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Acharya, A. (1997). Ideas, Identity, and Institution-building: From the 'ASEAN Way' to the 'Asia-Pacific Way'? The Pacific Review,, 319 - 346.
Ahn, M. S. (2010). The North Korea-Myanmar relationship: A historical perspective. Bulletin of The Atomic Scientist, 30-37.
Annual Security Outlook. (2018). Retrieved from ASEAN Regional Forum : http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/ARF-Annual-Security-Outlook-2018-00000002.pdf
Annual Security Outlook. (2019). Retrieved from ASEAN Regional Forum: http://aseanregionalforum.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/FINALARF-ANNUAL-SECURITY-OUTLOOK-2019-1.pdf
Ariffin, E. (2019, February 24). South Korea’s pivot to ASEAN. Retrieved from The ASEAN Post: https://theaseanpost.com/article/south-koreas-pivot-asean
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). (1994). Retrieved from ASEAN Official Website: https://asean.org/asean-political-security-community/asean-regional-forum-arf/
Au-Yong, R. (2019, June 23). ASEAN concerned about US-China trade war, focused on economic cooperation: PM Lee. Retrieved from Strait Times: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/asean-concerned-about-us-china-trade-war-focused-on-economic-cooperation-pm-lee
Bhati, A. (2017, July 21). A Curious Relationship: Cambodia And North Korea. Retrieved from Mekong Research: https://www.mekongresearch.org/blog/2017/7/21/a-curious-relationship-cambodia-and-north-korea
Bhwana, P. (2019, December 22). Indonesia Gives Grant of Rp7.5 Billion to Help Myanmar Refugees. Retrieved from Tempo: https://en.tempo.co/read/1286655/indonesia-gives-grant-of-rp7-5-billion-to-help-myanmar-refugees
Dunne, P. (2018, April 10). ASEAN may play key role in Korean Peninsula talks. Retrieved from Asia Times: https://asiatimes.com/2018/04/asean-may-play-key-role-talks-korean-peninsula/
Favretto, K. (2009). Should Peacemakers Take Sides? Major Power Mediation, Coercion, and Bias. The American Political Science Review, 248-263.
Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization. London: SAGE Publications.
Galtung, J. (2000). Searching for Peace. Virginia: Pluto Press.
Ha, Y. S., Chung, K. J., & Seo, J. S. (2016). An Analysis of Korea-ASEAN Trade and its Implications for the Shipping Industry in Korea. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 63-71.
Haggar, S. &. (2010). Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation. Asian Survey, 539-568.
Heydarian, R. J. (2017). The Korea Crisis: Time for ASEAN To Play a Role. RSIS Commentary, 1-3.
Howe, B., & Park, M. J. (2017). The Evolution of the “ASEAN Way”: Embracing Human Security Perspectives. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 1-15.
Jae-kyoung, K. (2016, July 27). ASEAN seeks Korean role in economic integration. Retrieved from The Korean Times: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2016/07/488_210518.html
Jaehyon, L. (2019). Korea’s New Southern Policy: Motivations of ‘Peace Cooperation’ and Implications for the Korean Peninsula. The Asian Institute for Policy Studies Issue Brief, 1-19.
Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A.M Puzanov for 31 August 1957. (1957). Retrieved from http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/115657
Kaye, K. (1997). Workplace Wars and How to End Them: Turning Personal Conflicts into Productive Teamwork. New York: American Management Association.
Lederach, J. P. (2003). The little book of conflict transformation. Pennsylvania: Good Books.
Mahbubani, K., & Sng, J. (2017). The ASEAN miracle: a catalyst for peace. Singapore: NUS Press: Ridge Books .
Mahdi, K., Hafeznia, M.-R., Ahmadipoor, Z., & Murphy, A. B. (2016). ASEAN and Regional Peace in the South East Asia. International Journal of Humanities, 75-93.
Nah, L. T. (2017). ASEAN and North Korea’s Nuclear and Missile Programs. North Korean Review, 66-73.
Nye, J. S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. The Annuals of American Academy, 94-109.
Overview of ASEAN-Republic of Korea Dialogue Relations. (2020, February 14). Retrieved from https://asean.org/storage/2012/05/Overview-ASEAN-ROK-Dialogue-Relations-as-of-14-February-2020.pdf
Rivett-Carnac, M. (2015, October 9). Kim Jong Un Has Won a Real Statesperson Prize From a Nation That Is Not North Korea. Retrieved from Time: https://time.com/4067670/north-korea-kim-jong-un-award-indonesia-sukarno/
Salim, T. (2017, August 5). ASEAN encourages contributions from North Korea in ARF. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/08/05/asean-encourages-contributions-from-north-korea-in-arf.html
Sengdara, S. (2019, June 21). Laos, DPRK diplomats confident of strengthening longstanding relationship. Retrieved from Asia News Network: http://annx.asianews.network/content/laos-dprk-diplomats-confident-strengthening-longstanding-relationship-98858
Severino, R. C. (2001, February). ASEAN: Building the Peace in Southeast Asia. Retrieved from ASEAN Official Website: https://asean.org/?static_post=asean-building-the-peace-in-southeast-asia-2
Severino, R. C. (2001, September 3). The ASEAN Way and the Rule of Law. Retrieved from ASEAN Official Website: https://asean.org/?static_post=the-asean-way-and-the-rule-of-law
Vannarith, C. (2019, February). Cambodia-North Korea Relations. East-West Center Asia Pacific Bulletin, 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/cambodia-north-korea-relations
Webel, C., & Galtung, J. (2007). Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies. Abingdon: Routledge.
Wong, K. (2018, July 13). ASEAN should continue to help bring peace by embracing North Korea: Moon Jae-in. Retrieved from Mothership: https://mothership.sg/2018/07/asean-north-korea-moon-jae-in/
Young, B. (2019). The Origins of North Korea-Vietnam Solidarity. North Korea International Documentation Project Working Paper, 1-14.
Zwirko, C. (2019, May 10). North Korean, Lao high courts sign MOU on exchange and cooperation: KCNA. Retrieved from NK News - North Korea News: https://www.nknews.org/2019/05/north-korean-lao-high-courts-sign-mou-on-exchange-and-cooperation-kcna/
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2020-07-26
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